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Bob Jessop
Bob Jessop FAcSS (born 3 March 1946) is a British academic and writer who has published extensively on state theory and political economy. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the University of Lancaster.
==Work==
Jessop's major contribution to state theory is in treating the state not as an entity but as a social relation with differential strategic effects. This means that the state is not something with an essential, fixed property such as a neutral coordinator of different social interests, an autonomous corporate actor with its own bureaucratic goals and interests, or the 'executive committee of the bourgeoisie' as often described by pluralists, elitists/statists and conventional marxists respectively. Rather, what the state is essentially determined by is the nature of the wider social relations in which it is situated, especially the balance of social forces.
The state can thus be understood as follows: First, the state has varied natures, apparatuses and boundaries according to its historical and geographical developments as well as its specific conjunctures. However, there is a strategic limit to this variation, imposed by the given balance of forces at specific time and space. Thus, second, the state has differential effects on various political and economic strategies in a way that some are more privileged than others, but at the same time, it is the interaction among these strategies that result in such exercise of state power. This approach is called the "strategic-relational approach" and can be considered as a creative extension and development of Marx's concept of capital not as a thing but as a social relation and Antonio Gramsci's and Nicos Poulantzas's concept of the state as a social relation, something more than narrow political society.
Jessop uses the term “time sovereignty” (or “temporal sovereignty”) to stand for a government's right to have at its disposition the time that is required for considered political decision-making. He states that this “time sovereignty” is endangered as governments see themselves pressured to compress their own decision-making cycles so that they can make more timely and appropriate interventions.〔Bob Jessop (''Globalization: It’s about Time too!'' ), 85, Political Science Series, Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, January 2003〕 By comparison, Robert Hassan uses the term in related but slightly different meaning as the government's sovereignty to decide the future, beyond the immediate present; in this usage, the term stands in analogy to territorial sovereignty; Hassan holds that the legislative is losing “time sovereignty” to the executive.〔Robert Hassan: ''No Future: Liberal Democracy and the Loss of Time Sovereignty'', Future Matters: Futures Known, Created and Minded (International Conference), (abstract ) and (full text ), Cardiff University, September 4–6, 2006〕
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